As the water subsides in the dry season, the floodplain vegetation provides green pasture for the millions of cattle, sheep, and goats. Image of the Day Interviewed in 2009 by UNEP expert Levis Kavagi, retired Col Tidiani Ascofare, the man leading the Government’s efforts to restore Lake Faguibine’s ecosystem at the time, said: ‘’In 2006, only 100 hectares of land around the lake was farmed. When we came to Lake Faguibine there was a big meeting with all of the community leaders there. The same UNEP report states: “ Lake Faguibine dried out completely in 1914 and 1924, again in 1944 and has been at very low levels since the mid 1970s. Simulated studies by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) found that urban consumers, who usually do not produce food, are likely to be hit hardest, as would rural households in countries where land was not equitably distributed. Water. The women dry and rainy years for three types of pastoralists in the local agricultural association in Tin Aicha lost their former agricultural activities after Lake Faguibine dried out the transhumant and nomadic livestock herders use only and water was no longer available for irrigation, and they the natural Acacia forest, respectively, for 3 and 6 months. Although the region has a long history of rainfall variability, the trend in recent decades has been … Water transport benefits to the local economy. This year [2009] it will be more than 20,000 hectares. Deep and shallow. Even though normal rainfall resumed after the year 2000, the lake remained nearly dry. On the bed of the old lakes they still have a lot of agriculture, but of course it's only a matter of time before it all dries up, and then it's the end for all the nomadic and pastoral societies in this area,said Egeland in his 2008 diary. 2014. The size of Lake Faguibine is mainly dependent on overflows from the Niger. Lake Faguibine, the northernmost lake, in December after replenishing Lake Tele in August and Lake Takara in November.3 When the flood reaches its peak level, the lakes, pools, and channels enter a stage of recession as the waters return to the Niger River. Some of the villagers pointed out that during the recent drought their animals had only been able to survive because of the fodder provided by Prosopis; others said that they had used the timber to make charcoal. They use a West African rice variety that grows well as the water rises. Tricart et al. ... Tadesse, G., E. Zavaleta, and C. Shennan. Two kinds of mobile livestock breeding systems are practiced: transhumant and nomadic. Upstream, people use the water for large-scale irrigation and to produce hydropower. With only 3.8 percent of Mali having arable land, one can understand the benefits that a restored lake could bring. Made with a combination of visible and infrared light, the images show vegetation as red, water as blue, and bare ground in shades of beige and gray. In the past, the Lake Faguibine was a priority area for agriculture and fishery, but the Niger River-fed water system dried out with the droughts of the 1970s and 80s. It is the latest in a series coordinated by UNEP, and the agency’s Executive Director Achim Steiner stressed that “the stark reality they portray” can catalyze action on the ground, citing the impact of the African atlas in Mali, where a project to restore the lost Lake Faguibine is now underway. Women have developed their own adaptive strategies based on newly emerged forest resources in the former lake area (e.g. At high water it reaches a length of about 50 miles (80 km). Heat UNEP project Water Two kinds of mobile livestock breeding systems are present: transhumant (a seasonal movement of people and livestock over relatively short distances) and nomadic (a migration of people and livestock over longer distances). 2013). At the request of the Government of Mali, UNEP in 2008 began implementing a project to rehabilitate the Lake Faguibine ecosystem. One of them made a rousing appeal to me that I will always remember. One example of increasing aridity in Mali appears in Lake Faguibine. With the drying out of Lake Faguibine, those water dependent activities are no longer relevant. People are certain that if they only had reliable water sources they could again turn this parched region into Mali's bread basket. It is then harvested when the waters recede. on which they are built as the amount of water they use remains constant irrespective of dry or wet years. impact of the African atlas in Mali, where a project to restore the lost Lake Faguibine is now underway. Plastic pollution is an environmental injustice to vulnerable communities – new report, West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA), New UNEP synthesis provides blueprint to urgently solve planetary emergencies and secure humanity’s future, ‘One health’ approach critical to tackle health inequality and emerging diseases, Improved livelihoods of about 200,000 mainly nomadic people living in the area, A lifeline for thousands of migratory water birds restored, Increased availability of drinking water for humans and livestock; improved groundwater resources, Enhanced local sustainable natural resource management. Upstream, people use the water for large-scale irrigation and to produce hydropower. The bulk of the remaining 20% is associated with agriculture and changes in land use. The factsheet. Opt not to print. The reformulated project (around $40 million when fully funded) integrates the original scheme into a broader programmatic intervention led by the United Nations, and will address both infrastructure development and socioeconomic interventions, including improving livelihoods. One example of … As a result, many nomads lost access to food, which worsened the violence and led to the stealing of … Farmers cultivate rice, mainly in the southern Delta. It quoted local engineer Mohamed Touré, as saying: “The soil around the lake is very fertile and spongy; the water can spread for 5km. It aimed to re-flood the lake’s 600 square kilometres in order to restore its vital ecosystems (fish catches were once estimated at 5,000 tons annually), boosting the livelihoods of local fishermen, reviving agriculture along the lakeside, and providing food to thousands of people as well as migratory waterbirds. By the late 1990s, the traditional livelihoods of fishing, agriculture, and livestock herding became impractical. land use was previously dominated by agriculture and very few residential settlements. However, a dissenting view began to emerge. are excluded from the new lands in … January 3, 1974, & December 26, 1978 (Landsat 1 MSS) - January 3, 1974JPEG, January 3, 1974, & December 26, 1978 (Landsat 1 MSS)TIFF, March 17, 2005, & September 28, 2006 (Landsat 7 ETM+)JPEG, March 17, 2005, & September 28, 2006 (Landsat 7 ETM+)TIFF. Unfortunately, climate change has led to erratic rainfall patterns as well as the advance southward of the Sahara desert. © UNEP Terms of Use Privacy Report a project concern. Figure 3.2: Image showing Lake Faguibine, Mali: A view through time with Landsat imagery. Livestock breeding is also associated with sedentary agropastoralism. In years when the height of the annual flood of the … Home to more than 13 million people, Mali stretches from the Sahara Desert in the north to the semiarid grassland known as the Sahel in the south. In 1974, this lake covered roughly 590 square kilometers (230 square miles). But over seven years, droughts in the 1970s dried up the lakes. ... increased evaporation and land-use changes – and of the benefits likely to accrue to close to some 200,000 mainly nomadic people living in and around the area. Just 3.8 percent of the country’s land is arable, and increased use of natural resources combined with prolonged drought have nudged the country toward desertification, according to a report issued by the United Nations Environment Programme. Since the mid 1990's, Lake Faguibine, once a major regional center of agriculture and aquaculture, has suffered a major drop in water levels. The series of good floods from 1924 to 1930 and from 1951 to 1955 completely filled the lake. In December 2009 the World Food Programme reported on the success of a UNEP-supported food-for-work programme which opened up the water channels – for a while at least. 41 Mid-1980s, maximum depth was around 8metres with 4.72km2 coverage Siltation caused by deforestation of Drought and water-diversion projects have caused Bolivia’s second-largest lake to dry up. The targeted waterbody, Lake Faguibine, is a closed basin lake with no fluvial outflow. Image adopted from Tappan and Cushing (2004) presentation of Survey Experiences of Mapping Land Use … Today Faguibine is a dry Sahel lake, although it was probably a permanent water body ~16,000 years ago. (1960) noted that artificial regulation of the level of Lake Faguibine, Mali, was responsible for a small amount of eolian remobilization of dune sand. (2008). Land Sand dunes block parts of the channels, thereby preventing the replenishment of the lake. United Nations efforts to date The United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), established in April 2013, provides security in the country and is contributing to peace. Lake Faguibine was a productive area for agriculture and fishing but the area experienced prolonged dry phases in the 20 th century and the lake had dried out by the end of the 1970s. Save the planet. He spotlighted Lake Faguibine, a spearhead-shaped body of water linked with seasonal flooding of the Niger, Africa’s third largest river. The Lake Faguibine System, four interlinked lakes 80 km west of Timbuktu, was historically one of Mali's most fertile areas. 4.3. Lake Faguibine encapsulates the challenges faced in many other parts of the world where ecosystems are coming under increasing pressure due to climate change, conflict and rapid population growth, among others. Land Starting in the late 1980s, a drop in precipitation steadily dried the lake. 23 ... Drought in Africa Lake Faguibine Lake Chad 34 35. At the request of the Government of Mali, the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) is implementing a project to rehabilitate the Lake Faguibine ecosystem and is studying the Lake's ecosystem and looking at ways in which the management of land and the hydrological cycle could be improved. Lake level at Faguibine is less affected by local rainfall patterns. Land Implementation of the project has faced challenges mainly due to the difficult security situation since 2011. Long and short. Recent uses of … Image of the Day Then sand filled the channels connecting the lakes to the River Niger, with the result that when rain finally returned the water could no longer reach the lakes. An example is the drying of Lake Faguibine in northern Mali due to extended low precipitation, in which the ecological transformation caused communities to change from fishing and farming to harvesting forest products (Djoudi et al. Are you sure you want to print? Image of the Day The bottom image is made from observations acquired on March 17, 2005, and September 28, 2006. Just 3.8 percent of the country’s land is arable, and increased use of natural resources combined with prolonged drought have nudged the country toward desertification, according to a report issued by the United Nations Environment Programme. The Lake Faguibine ecosystem restoration project involved sensitizing communities upstream and downstream on the need to regulate and preserve the water flow in the Niger and its channels. The connector channel and lake floor are the areas of interest. Lake Faguibine in northern Mali is dry and has been since the 1970s. Lake Faguibine, French Lac Faguibine, isolated lake in Mali, west of Timbuktu (Tombouctou). Even though normal rainfall resumed after the year 2000, the lake remained nearly dry. It lies north of the Niger River in the Macina depression, and it is reached by branches of the Niger in times of flood. up to three hectares of land. Salty and fresh. For instance, the Sélingué dam has already reduced the amount of water flooding the Inner Flight Center. Most activities have been built around small scale agriculture. Land use change Land use change [CSD] Indicators methodology sheets The workshops have also developed indicator ... Lake Faguibine for their livelihoods Republic of Mali. Life. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, using Landsat data provided by the United States Geological Survey. Water Lake Faguibine is a lake in Mali on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert situated 80 km west of Timbuktu and 75 km north of the Niger River to which it is connected by a system of smaller lakes and channels. These false-color Landsat satellite images of the lake show how it changed over the decades. According to the Government of Mali, the security situation could also be greatly alleviated if the lake’s ecosystem were restored and development projects implemented in the region. He said: 'I am an orphan of this dead lake because I lived and flourished by the lake when it was a wonderful place for fishermen and farmers and pastoralists. This means the farmers here don’t need tractors or fertilizer, they can simply plant a seed like a tree and the plant will just grow – this is true for thousands and thousands of hectares." The region's prosperity evaporated along with the water. For the Lake Faguibine System the determining factor is the hydrograph of the Niger River, especially the height and the duration of the flood peak. The Niger River Image of the Day The top image is made from observations acquired on January 3, 1974, and December 26, 1978. So, dams built along the Niger are likely to have impacts on it. The once-great lake has lost most of its water and now spans less than a tenth of the area it covered in the 1960s. Land use planning should be based the analysis on the value of ecosystem services instead of hotspots to make better conservation decisions. Drought

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