[7], Lyell initially accepted the conventional view of other men of science, that the fossil record indicated a directional geohistory in which species went extinct. Charles Lyell, the eldest son of Charles Lyell, was born at Kinnordy, Forfar, the family estate, on Nov. 14, 1797. "[29] Lyell inaccurately portrayed Lamarckism as a response to the fossil record, and said it was falsified by a lack of progress. For a list of supporters see link below. Accessed from here on 20 December 2016. In addition to her spoken languages of French and German she learnt Spanish and Swedish to assist with communications. He lived in Wekiwa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States in 1920. [7] His observational methods and general analytical framework remain in use today as foundational principles in geology. During the 1840s, Lyell travelled to the United States and Canada, and wrote two popular travel-and-geology books: Travels in North America (1845) and A Second Visit to the United States (1849). He had particular difficulty in believing in natural selection as the main motive force in evolution.[37][38][39]. British geologist, the eldest son of Charles Lyell of Kinnordy, Forfarshire, and born on the 14th of November 1797, on the family estate in Scotland. As Darwin wrote in On the Origin of Species, "He who can read Sir Charles Lyell's grand work on the Principles of Geology, which the future historian will recognise as having produced a revolution in natural science, yet does not admit how incomprehensibly vast have been the past periods of time, may at once close this volume. Modern surveys, like the British Geological Survey (founded in 1835), and the US Geological Survey (founded in 1879), map and exhibit the natural resources within the country. In 1823 he was elected joint secretary of the Geological Society. He came from a prosperous family, worked briefly as a lawyer in the 1820s, and held the post of Professor of Geology at King's College London in the 1830s. Facts about Charles Lyell 7: the date and place of birth Lyell was born in Scotland on 14 November 1797. In 1821 he attended Robert Jameson's lectures in Edinburgh, and visited Gideon Mantell at Lewes, in Sussex. [25] Lyell, in contrast focused on recent earthquakes (150 yrs), evidenced by surface irregularities such as faults, fissures, stratigraphic displacements and depressions.[25]. This is the time of year where you can appreciate all the amazing people in your life. They even spent their honeymoon in Switzerland and Italy on a geological tour of the area. After a horrible carriage accident left Mantell crippled he started taking opium as a painkiller. Accessed from here on 20 December 2016. He is buried in Westminster Abbey. Although Lyell rejected evolution at the time of writing the Principles,[40] after the Darwin–Wallace papers and the Origin Lyell wrote in one of his notebooks on 3 May 1860: Lyell's acceptance of natural selection, Darwin's proposed mechanism for evolution, was equivocal, and came in the tenth edition of Principles. He encouraged Darwin to publish, and following the 1859 publication of On the Origin of Species, Lyell finally offered a tepid endorsement of evolution in the tenth edition of Principles. They had one son, who became Charles Lyell, 3rd Baron Lyell. Species would regularly go extinct, in a "struggle for existence" between hybrids, or a "war one with another" due to population pressure. :[29], He struggled with the implications for human dignity, and later in 1827 wrote private notes on Lamarck's ideas. He continued to be a close personal friend, and Lyell was one of the first scientists to support On the Origin of Species, though he did not subscribe to all its contents. He was a founder of geographical botany (phytogeography), which looks at the geographic distribution of plant species and their influence on the earth’s surface. He corresponded frequently with Lyell, discussing geology and fossil finds. He grew up in the New Forest in Hampshire where, encouraged by his father, he developed a keen interest in natural history. [7] By 1827, he had abandoned law and embarked on a geological career that would result in fame and the general acceptance of uniformitarianism, a working out of the ideas proposed by James Hutton a few decades earlier. Charles Lyell was born on the 14 of November An accomplished botanist, it was he who first exposed his son to the study of nature. The family seat is located in Strathmore, near the Highland Boundary Fault. [8][9] He is buried in Westminster Abbey where there is a bust to him by William Theed in the north aisle. "[34] After he died it was suggested that he be buried in Westminster Abbey near Darwin, however his widow declined and instead followed her husband’s wishes to be buried next to his father. Sedgwick wrote worried letters to him about this. He was the eldest of ten children. He was vague about how replacement species formed, portraying this as an infrequent occurrence which could rarely be observed. ( Log Out /  Lyell was born into a wealthy family, on 14 November 1797, at the family's estate house, Kinnordy House, near Kirriemuir in Forfarshire. Gideon Mantell. [6][8][26] In these areas he concluded that the recent strata (rock layers) could be categorised according to the number and proportion of marine shells encased within. In the little free time he had he pursued geology, which was a childhood passion. Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, FRS (14 November 1797 – 22 February 1875) was a Scottish geologist who demonstrated the power of known natural causes in explaining Earth's history. His father (1767-1849) was known both as a botanist and as the translator of the Vita Nuova and the Convito of Dante ; the plant Lyellia was named after him. The second volume dismissed Lamarck's claims of animal forms arising from habits, continuous spontaneous generation of new life, and man having evolved from lower forms. If no match exists, you will be prompted to add a new person to the tree. Charles Lyell’s father, also named Charles Lyell, gave up law as a profession after a considerable inheritance to concentrate on botany (the study of plants). She assisted him by sketching geological drawings, and cataloguing their collections. His father (1767-1849) was known both as a botanist and as the translator of the Vita Nuova and the Convito of Dante; the plant Lyellia was named after him. He was Charles Darwin’s closest friend. Based on this the third volume of his Principles of Geology, published in 1833, proposed dividing the Tertiary period into four parts, which he named the Eocene, Miocene, Pliocene, and Recent. Darwin requests that Lyell send him news about himself and his wife, as well as asking Lyell for his wife’s opinions to discover what she would find least troublesome. The student was taught to despond from the first. ( Log Out /  Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Hooker about Lyell’s death, Darwin states they “have both lost as good & as true a friend as ever lived”. Lyell's wife died in 1873, and two years later (in 1875) Lyell himself died as he was revising the twelfth edition of Principles. Late in his career, therefore, Lyell produced a condensed version titled Student's Elements of Geology that fulfilled the original purpose. He was the eldest of ten children. In stratigraphy his division of the Tertiary period into the Pliocene, Miocene, and Eocene was highly influential. This generous support began with the original archival donation from the Lyell family in 1927. Lyell's father, also named Charles Lyell, was noted as a translator and scholar of Dante. in the margin of his copy. Having attended Exeter College, Oxford ending in 1816, Lyell encountered geology as a serious profession under the wing of the naturalist William Buckland . licence to embattle his house here. Lyell and Hooker were instrumental in arranging the peaceful co-publication of the theory of natural selection by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in 1858: each had arrived at the theory independently. An accomplished botanist, it was he who first exposed his son to the study of nature. Enter your email address in the box below and click the button to receive our latest posts. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features "[31], In the first edition of Principles, the first volume briefly set out Lyell's concept of a steady state with no real progression of fossils. An accomplished botanist, it was he who first exposed his son to the study of nature. He married Sophie Mary Trafford on 4 July 1938. It sold well, and it "shattered the tacit agreement that mankind should be the sole preserve of theologians and historians". There were 10 kids in the family and he was the eldest one. Then, Lyell’s notebooks were saved from export in 2019, with over a thousand donations from individuals and institutions, including the John R. Murray Charitable Trust and the National Heritage Memorial Fund. During his early childhood, the family moved to Lyndhurst, Hampshire, where he received his early education. Oxford University Museum of Natural History Blog, Posted on 21 December 201611 September 2018. He played a critical role in advancing the study of loess.[21]. These were essential to the development of his ideas, and provide a unique record of his travels, conversations, correspondence, reading and field observations. In the letters Darwin offers information about his life and what he is up to, makes suggestions of books that Mrs Lyell should read (some of which have nothing to do with geology), as well as discussing work on geology. Joseph Dalton Hooker. Neurotree: academic genealogy for researcher Adding trainee for Charles Lyell Type a name and select match from the drop-down list. Lyell saw himself as "the spiritual saviour of geology, freeing the science from the old dispensation of Moses. So I thought it would be wonderful to find out about the family and friends of Charles Lyell. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. [32], The leading man of science Sir John Herschel wrote from Cape Town on 20 February 1836, thanking Lyell for sending a copy of Principles and praising the book as opening a way for bold speculation on "that mystery of mysteries, the replacement of extinct species by others" – by analogy with other intermediate causes, "the origination of fresh species, could it ever come under our cognizance, would be found to be a natural in contradistinction to a miraculous process". Lyell's grandfather, also Charles Lyell, had made the family fortune supplying the Royal Navy at Montrose, enabling him to buy Kinnordy House. [6] The systematic, factual description of geological formations of different ages contained in Principles grew so unwieldy, however, that Lyell split it off as the Elements in 1838. [13] The jawless fish Cephalaspis lyelli, from the Old Red Sandstone of southern Scotland, was named by Louis Agassiz in honour of Lyell.[14]. He was the eldest of ten children. [7][42] The Antiquity of Man (published in early February 1863, just before Huxley's Man's place in nature) drew these comments from Darwin to Huxley: "I am fearfully disappointed at Lyell's excessive caution" and "The book is a mere 'digest'". She, like him, was a conchologist and geologist, and she made major contributions to her husband’s work. The Life of Charles Lyell When Charles Lyell Campbell was born on 25 February 1914, in Groom, Carson, Texas, United States, his father, Charles Leslie Campbell, was 27 and his mother, Bertha Myrtle Gravitt, was 24. From Wellcome Images. Lyell also gave influential explanations of earthquakes and developed the theory of gradual "backed up-building" of volcanoes. Sir Charles Lyell was the most famous lawyer and geologist of his time. Learn how your comment data is processed. His conclusions supported gradual building of volcanoes, so-called "backed up-building",[6] as opposed to the upheaval argument supported by other geologists. In Principles of Geology (first edition, vol. He is best known as the author of Principles of Geology (1830–33), which presented to a wide public audience the idea that Earth was shaped by the same natural processes still in operation today, operating at similar intensities. 1821. The philosopher William Whewell termed this gradualistic view "uniformitarianism" and contrasted it with catastrophism, which had been championed by Georges Cuvier and was better accepted in Europe. Mary Horner was Charles Lyell’s wife. British geologist and author of Principles of Geology, which popularized the concept of uniformitarianism. 莱尔出生于苏格兰，是家里十个小孩中的老大。莱尔的父亲也叫做查尔斯，是个略有一点名气的植物学家，他也是第一个让小查尔斯接触到自然博物学的人。莱尔在牛津大学的埃克塞特学院的学业… Lyell's work on volcanoes focused largely on Vesuvius and Etna, both of which he had earlier studied. In a letter to J.D. He drew his explanations from field studies conducted directly before he went to work on the founding geology text. Charles Lyell was born in 1767, to Charles Lyell and Mary Lyell (born Beale). They were partners in science, with Mary accompanying Charles on field trips. He was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society in 1858 and the Wollaston Medal of the Geological Society in 1866. "This place was the property of Richard, Earl of Cornwall, and passed to Alice, wife of Warine de L'lsle, whose descendant of the same name obtained from Edward III. He is buried in Westminster Abbey. On the return of the Beagle (October 1836) Lyell invited Darwin to dinner and from then on they were close friends. One of the contributions that Lyell made in Principles was to explain the cause of earthquakes. He was said to have great taste in literature and even published a translation of The Canzoniere of Dante. In 1839, Lyell termed the Pleistocene epoch, distinguishing a more recent fossil layer from the Pliocene. When Charles was only two years old, his parents relocated to Southampton, England near where his mother's family lived. [20], For other people named Charles Lyell, see, Presidents of the Geological Society of London, Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man, "The Present is the Key to the Past is the Key to the Future", "Lyell and evolution: an account of Lyell's response to the prospect of an evolutionary ancestry for man", Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Lyell&oldid=1011377318, Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class), Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Lyell Fork, one of two large forks of the, This page was last edited on 10 March 2021, at 15:38. LYELL, SIR CHARLES (1797-1875), British geologist, was the eldest son of Charles Lyell of Kinnordy, Forfarshire, and was born on the 14th of November 1797, on the family estate in Scotland. Enjoy! The work's subtitle was "An attempt to explain the former changes of the Earth's surface by reference to causes now in operation", and this explains Lyell's impact on science. Lyell had private means, and earned further income as an author. He completed a circuit through rural England, where he could observe geological phenomena. In letters digitised by the University of Cambridge there are multiple correspondences between Darwin and Lyell. Although Darwin discussed evolutionary ideas with him from 1842, Lyell continued to reject evolution in each of the first nine editions of the Principles. 3, ch. Charles Lyell war das älteste von zehn Kindern. Lyell's father, also named Charles Lyell, was noted as a translator and scholar of Dante. Joseph Dalton Hooker, friend of both Lyell and Darwin, was one of the finest 19th century British botanists and explorers. Charles Lyell was born on November 14, 1797, in the Grampian Mountains near Forfarshire, Scotland. (I 797-I 875) By SIR EDWARD BAILEY, F.R.S. Lyell and Darwin first met on 29th October 1836. However, as discussed below, many of his letters show he was fairly open to the idea of evolution. [36], By the time Darwin returned from the Beagle survey expedition in 1836, he had begun to doubt Lyell's ideas about the permanence of species. It is impossible to read their letters and not know they are friends. Gideon Mantell is renowned for his work on Iguanodon, reconstructing its structure and life habits. Charles Lyell was born in 1797 at Kinnordy House in Forfarshire (now Angus) into a wealthy family. Lyell asked Robert FitzRoy, captain of HMS Beagle, to search for erratic boulders on the survey voyage of the Beagle, and just before it set out FitzRoy gave Darwin Volume 1 of the first edition of Lyell's Principles. As an author, friend and correspondent, Charles Lyell played a crucial role in shaping Darwin's scientific life. Mary had a vast interest and a great understanding of geology, and was present in her husband’s conversations with Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury on February 12, 1809. He was one of the first scientists to postulate that the earth is older than 200 million years, which was the commonly accepted notion during the 19th century. Lyell was born into a wealthy family, on 14 November 1797, at the family's estate house, Kinnordy House, near Kirriemuir in Forfarshire. [27] The Recent epoch – renamed the Holocene by French paleontologist Paul Gervais in 1867 – included all deposits from the era subject to human observation. He is best known, however, for his role in elaborating the doctrine of uniformitarianism. In recent years Lyell's subdivisions have been widely discussed in relation to debates about the Anthropocene. First published in three volumes in 1830–33, it established Lyell's credentials as an important geological theorist and propounded the doctrine of uniformitarianism. Charles Lyell Birthdate: estimated between 1735 and 1795 Death: Immediate Family: Father of Sir Charles Lyell, 1st bart., FRS and Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Lyell … [15][16] Lyell used each edition to incorporate additional material, rearrange existing material, and revisit old conclusions in light of new evidence. During his medical career he attended to more than 50 patients a day, and delivered over 200 babies a year. In his own observations on rock and faunal successions, Lyell… When the Beagle made its first stop ashore at St Jago in the Cape Verde islands, Darwin found rock formations which seen "through Lyell's eyes" gave him a revolutionary insight into the geological history of the island, an insight he applied throughout his travels. In November 1827, after William Broderip found a Middle Jurassic fossil of the early mammal Didelphis, Lyell told his father that "There was everything but man even as far back as the Oolite. […] Researching this led me to finding all about the Sowerby family as well as some of Lyell’s other friends and family. Lyells gleichnamiger Vater, der Botaniker Charles Lyell, sorgte dafür, dass sein Sohn sich frühzeitig mit Naturwissenschaften auseinandersetzte. It’s that time of the year again, when we come together with friends and family to share in the festivities. Lyell entered Exeter College, Oxford, in 1816, and attended William Buckland's geological lectures. Because this theory could account for the presence of diluvium, the word drift became the preferred term for the loose, unsorted material, today called till. Like his son he also corresponded with noted naturalists such as the botanist William Jackson Hooker (father of Joseph Dalton Hooker) and James Sowerby. Darwin's daughter Henrietta (Etty) wrote to her father: "Is it fair that Lyell always calls your theory a modification of Lamarck's?" About Sir Charles Lyell Sir Charles Lyell (1797-1875) was one of the greatest public figures in science in an age of remarkable thinkers whose geological breakthroughs paved the way for the work of a whole new generation of scientists and philosophers, including Charles Darwin’s and his theories of human evolution. Around 1826, when he was on circuit, he read Lamarck's Zoological Philosophy and on 2 March 1827 wrote to Mantell, expressing admiration, but cautioning that he read it "rather as I hear an advocate on the wrong side, to know what can be made of the case in good hands". Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. [6][7] After graduation he took up law as a profession, entering Lincoln's Inn in 1820. Whewell subsequently questioned this topic, and in March 1837 Lyell told him:[19], As a result of his letters and, no doubt, personal conversations, Huxley and Haeckel were convinced that, at the time he wrote Principles, he believed new species had arisen by natural methods. Building on the innovative work of James Hutton and his follower John Playfair, Lyell favoured an indefinitely long age for the Earth, despite evidence suggesting an old but finite age. Lyell's grandfather, also Charles Lyell, had made the family fortune supplying the Royal Navy at Montrose, enabling him to buy Kinnordy House. Lyell was also a friend of Darwin's closest colleagues, Hooker and Huxley, but unlike them he struggled to square his religious beliefs with evolution. SIR CHARLES LYELL (14 TH NOVEMBER 1797- 22 ND FEBRUARY 1875) The birth of Charles Lyell at his family’s estate at Kinnordy, just north of Kirriemuir allows Tayside to claim one of the most important geologists who ever The book was widely regarded as a disappointment because of Lyell's equivocal treatment of evolution. From 1830 onward his books provided both income and fame. Elements of Geology began as the fourth volume of the third edition of Principles: Lyell intended the book to act as a suitable field guide for students of geology. ( Log Out /  When the iceberg melts, it rains down sediments upon the land. Charles Darwin, arguably one of the most well-known names in science, was a friend of Charles Lyell. The eldest of 10 children, he attended several private schools throughout his early life. Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man brought together Lyell's views on three key themes from the geology of the Quaternary Period of Earth history: glaciers, evolution, and the age of the human race. "[5] Lyell helped to arrange the simultaneous publication in 1858 of papers by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace on natural selection, despite his personal religious qualms about the theory. The surname Lyell was first found in Oxfordshire at Shirburn, a parish, in the union of Thame, hundred of Pirton. Lyell reconciled transmutation of species with natural theology by suggesting that it would be as much a "remarkable manifestation of creative Power" as creating each species separately. He said in the second volume of Principles that the occurrence of this one fossil of the higher mammalia "in these ancient strata, is as fatal to the theory of successive development, as if several hundreds had been discovered. Family Background: Charles Lyell was the eldest of son of ten children of a Scottish botanist Father, Charles Lyell of Kinnordy and an English Mother. He incorrectly conjectured that icebergs may be the impetus behind the transport of glacial erratics, and that silty loess deposits might have settled out of flood waters. The fragmentary fossil record already showed "a high class of fishes, close to reptiles" in the Carboniferous period which he called "the first Zoological era", and quadrupeds could also have existed then. 2, 1833)[8] Lyell proposed that icebergs could be the means of transport for erratics. His father (1767-1849) was known both as a botanist and as the translator of the Vita Nuova and the Convito of Dante: the plant Lyellia was named after him. Later he studied at the ‘Exeter College’, Oxford from 1816 to 1819, graduating BA second in classics. They were partners in science, with Mary accompanying Charles on field trips. [4] He was a close friend of Charles Darwin, and contributed significantly to Darwin's thinking on the processes involved in evolution. [1] The combination of evidence and eloquence in Principles convinced a wide range of readers of the significance of "deep time" for understanding the Earth and environment. After the Great Chicago Fire in 1871, Lyell was one of the first to donate books to help found the Chicago Public Library. Lyell's views on gradual change and the power of a long time scale were important because Darwin thought that populations of an organism changed very slowly. This is a small selection of the fascinating people who filled Charles Lyell’s life. His family's second country home was in a completely different geological and ecological area: he spent much of his childhood at Bartley Lodge in the New Forest, in Hampshire in southern England. "[23] The two terms, uniformitarianism and catastrophism, were both coined by William Whewell;[24] in 1866 R. Grove suggested the simpler term continuity for Lyell's view, but the old terms persisted. Captain Fitzroy of the HMS Beagle gave Darwin the first volume of Lyell’s Principles of Geology, a work that heavily influenced him. Lyell explicitly rejected Lamarck's concept of transmutation of species, drawing on Cuvier's arguments, and concluded that species had been created with stable attributes. First published in 1863, it went through three editions that year, with a fourth and final edition appearing in 1873. Change ). This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. [20], Lyell's geological interests ranged from volcanoes and geological dynamics through stratigraphy, palaeontology, and glaciology to topics that would now be classified as prehistoric archaeology and paleoanthropology. Charles Lyell - Bio, Facts, Family Famous Birthday Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology is still known today as one of the most influential books concerning the science of Geology . The sole exception was the advent of humanity, with no great physical distinction from animals, but with absolutely unique intellectual and moral qualities.

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